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Paradigm Generator
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | tuʃkaltem | om tuʃkalte |
| 2SG: | tuʃkaltet | ot tuʃkalte |
| 3SG: | tuʃkalta | ok/ogeʃ tuʃkalte |
| 1PL: | tuʃkaltena | ona/ogəna tuʃkalte |
| 2PL: | tuʃkalteda | oda/ogəda tuʃkalte |
| 3PL: | tuʃkaltat | ogət tuʃkalte |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | tuʃkaltəʃəm | ʃəm tuʃkalte |
| 2SG: | tuʃkaltəʃət͡ɕ | ʃət͡ɕ tuʃkalte |
| 3SG: | tuʃkaltəʃ | əʃ tuʃkalte |
| 1PL: | tuʃkaltəʃna | əʃna tuʃkalte |
| 2PL: | tuʃkaltəʃda | əʃda tuʃkalte |
| 3PL: | tuʃkaltəʃt | əʃt tuʃkalte |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | tuʃkaltenam | tuʃkalten oməl |
| 2SG: | tuʃkaltenat | tuʃkalten otəl |
| 3SG: | tuʃkalten | tuʃkalten ogəl |
| 1PL: | tuʃkaltenːa | tuʃkalten onal/ogənal |
| 2PL: | tuʃkaltenda | tuʃkalten odal/ogədal |
| 3PL: | tuʃkaltenət | tuʃkalten ogətəl |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | tuʃkaltem əʎe | om tuʃkalte əʎe |
| 2SG: | tuʃkaltet əʎe | ot tuʃkalte əʎe |
| 3SG: | tuʃkalta əʎe | ok/ogeʃ tuʃkalte əʎe |
| 1PL: | tuʃkaltena əʎe | ona/ogəna tuʃkalte əʎe |
| 2PL: | tuʃkalteda əʎe | oda/ogəda tuʃkalte əʎe |
| 3PL: | tuʃkaltat əʎe | ogət tuʃkalte əʎe |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | tuʃkaltem ulmaʃ | om tuʃkalte ulmaʃ |
| 2SG: | tuʃkaltet ulmaʃ | ot tuʃkalte ulmaʃ |
| 3SG: | tuʃkalta ulmaʃ | ok/ogeʃ tuʃkalte ulmaʃ |
| 1PL: | tuʃkaltena ulmaʃ | ona/ogəna tuʃkalte ulmaʃ |
| 2PL: | tuʃkalteda ulmaʃ | oda/ogəda tuʃkalte ulmaʃ |
| 3PL: | tuʃkaltat ulmaʃ | ogət tuʃkalte ulmaʃ |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | tuʃkaltenam əʎe | tuʃkalten oməl əʎe |
| 2SG: | tuʃkaltenat əʎe | tuʃkalten otəl əʎe |
| 3SG: | tuʃkalten əʎe | tuʃkalten ogəl əʎe |
| 1PL: | tuʃkaltenːa əʎe | tuʃkalten onal/ogənal əʎe |
| 2PL: | tuʃkaltenda əʎe | tuʃkalten odal/ogədal əʎe |
| 3PL: | tuʃkalten əʎe | tuʃkalten ogətəl əʎe |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | tuʃkaltenam ulmaʃ | tuʃkalten oməl ulmaʃ |
| 2SG: | tuʃkaltenat ulmaʃ | tuʃkalten otəl ulmaʃ |
| 3SG: | tuʃkalten ulmaʃ | tuʃkalten ogəl ulmaʃ |
| 1PL: | tuʃkaltenːa ulmaʃ | tuʃkalten onal/ogənal ulmaʃ |
| 2PL: | tuʃkaltenda ulmaʃ | tuʃkalten odal/ogədal ulmaʃ |
| 3PL: | tuʃkalten ulmaʃ | tuʃkalten ogətəl ulmaʃ |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | tuʃkalte | it tuʃkalte |
| 3SG: | tuʃkaltəʒe | ənʒe tuʃkalte |
| 1PL: | (tuʃkaltena) | (ona/ogəna tuʃkalte) |
| 2PL: | tuʃkaltəza | ida tuʃkalte |
| 3PL: | tuʃkaltəʃt | ənəʃt tuʃkalte |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | tuʃkaltənem | ənem tuʃkalte |
| 2SG: | tuʃkaltənet | ənet tuʃkalte |
| 3SG: | tuʃkaltəneʒe | əneʒ tuʃkalte |
| 1PL: | tuʃkaltənena | ənena tuʃkalte |
| 2PL: | tuʃkaltəneda | əneda tuʃkalte |
| 3PL: | tuʃkaltəneʃt | əneʃt tuʃkalte |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | tuʃkaltənem əʎe | ənem tuʃkalte əʎe |
| 2SG: | tuʃkaltənena əʎe | ənet tuʃkalte əʎe |
| 3SG: | tuʃkaltəneʒe əʎe | əneʒ tuʃkalte əʎe |
| 1PL: | tuʃkaltənena əʎe | ənena tuʃkalte əʎe |
| 2PL: | tuʃkaltəneda əʎe | əneda tuʃkalte əʎe |
| 3PL: | tuʃkaltəneʃt əʎe | əneʃt tuʃkalte əʎe |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | tuʃkaltənet ulmaʃ | ənet tuʃkalte ulmaʃ |
| 3SG: | tuʃkaltəneʒe ulmaʃ | əneʒ tuʃkalte ulmaʃ |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | tuʃkaltəneda ulmaʃ | əneda tuʃkalte ulmaʃ |
| 3PL: | tuʃkaltəneʃt ulmaʃ | əneʃt tuʃkalte ulmaʃ |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | tuʃkaltaʃ |
| Necessitive infinitive: | tuʃkaltəman |
| Active participle: | tuʃkaltəʃe |
| Passive participle: | tuʃkaltəme |
| Future-necessitive participle: | tuʃkaltəʃaʃ |
| Negative participle: | tuʃkaltədəme |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | tuʃkalten |
| Negative gerund: | tuʃkaltəde |
| Gerund of prior action: | tuʃkaltəmek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | tuʃkaltəmeʃ(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | tuʃkaltəʃəla |
| Nominalization: | tuʃkaltəmaʃ |
| Negative nominalization: | tuʃkaltədəmaʃ |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||